Contents
- 1 Why does a condition variable need a mutex?
- 2 Why does a condition variable need a a predicate variable B a mutex explain your answer?
- 3 What does semaphore mean?
- 4 How is semaphore implemented?
- 5 What is a dead lock?
- 6 How do you recover from a deadlock?
- 7 What are the three basic techniques to control deadlocks?
- 8 Is the system in a safe state?
Why does a condition variable need a mutex?
The mutex is used to protect the condition variable itself. That’s why you need it locked before you do a wait. Then when the condition variable is signalled or broadcast to, one or more of the threads on the waiting list will be woken up and the mutex will be magically locked again for that thread.
Why does a condition variable need a a predicate variable B a mutex explain your answer?
A mutex controls access to shared data; a condition variable allows threads to wait for that data to enter a defined state. A predicate may be a Boolean variable in the shared data or the predicate may be indirect; testing whether a counter has reached a certain value, or whether a queue is empty.
How are condition variables implemented?
A condition variable is an object used in combination with its associated lock to allow a thread to wait for some condition while it is inside a critical section. Only a thread holding the associated lock is allowed to use a condition variable associated with that lock.
How does condition variable work C++?
A condition variable is an object able to block the calling thread until notified to resume. It uses a unique_lock (over a mutex ) to lock the thread when one of its wait functions is called.
What is Pthread condition variable?
Condition variables provide yet another way for threads to synchronize. While mutexes implement synchronization by controlling thread access to data, condition variables allow threads to synchronize based upon the actual value of data.
What is the difference between Semaphore and condition variable?
In most systems, boolean semaphores are just a special case of counting semaphores, also known as general semaphores. The condition variable is a synchronization primative that provides a queue for threads waiting for a resource.
What does semaphore mean?
In computer science, a semaphore is a variable or abstract data type used to control access to a common resource by multiple processes in a concurrent system such as a multitasking operating system. That system eventually became known as THE multiprogramming system.
How is semaphore implemented?
Semaphores are implemented in the system kernel. – The semaphore values are kept in a table stored in kernel memory. A semaphore is identified by a number corresponding to a position in this table. – There are system calls for creating or freeing semaphores, as well as for executing the wait and signal operations.
What is mutex variable?
Mutexes are low-level primitives used to coordinate concurrent access to mutable data. Short for “mutual exclusion”, the name “mutex” indicates that only one thread at a time can acquire access to data that is protected by a mutex – threads are excluded from accessing data at the same time.
Why is mutex used?
In computer programming, a mutual exclusion object (mutex) is a program object that allows multiple program threads to share the same resource, such as file access, but not simultaneously. When a program is started, a mutex is created with a unique name.
What is difference between semaphore and mutex?
Mutex is a mutual exclusion object that synchronizes access to a resource. A Mutex is different than a semaphore as it is a locking mechanism while a semaphore is a signalling mechanism. A binary semaphore can be used as a Mutex but a Mutex can never be used as a semaphore.
How can deadlock be prevented?
Deadlocks can be prevented by preventing at least one of the four required conditions:7.4.1 Mutual Exclusion. Shared resources such as read-only files do not lead to deadlocks. 2 Hold and Wait. 3 No Preemption. 4 Circular Wait.
What is a dead lock?
A dead bolt, deadbolt or dead lock is a locking mechanism distinct from a spring bolt lock because a deadbolt cannot be moved to the open position except by rotating the key. A deadbolt can therefore make a door more resistant to entry without the correct key.
How do you recover from a deadlock?
Recovery from Deadlock in Operating System(a). Abort all the Deadlocked Processes: Aborting all the processes will certainly break the deadlock, but with a great expenses. (b). Abort one process at a time untill deadlock is eliminated: Abort one deadlocked process at a time, untill deadlock cycle is eliminated from the system.
What is difference between deadlock prevention and avoidance?
The main difference between deadlock prevention and deadlock avoidance is that the deadlock prevention ensures that at least one of the necessary conditions to cause a deadlock will never occur, while deadlock avoidance ensures that the system will not enter an unsafe state.
How deadlocks are detected?
The OS can detect the deadlocks with the help of Resource allocation graph. In single instanced resource types, if a cycle is being formed in the system then there will definitely be a deadlock. In order to recover the system from deadlocks, either OS considers resources or processes.
How can we prevent deadlock in distributed system?
prevention: make a deadlock impossible by granting requests so that one of the necessary conditions for deadlock does not hold. avoidance: choose resource allocation carefully so that deadlock will not occur.
Why is prevention not a practical solution to deadlocks?
Requires termination of one or more processes in order to release their resources. Usually this is not practical. Prevention: organize the system so that it is impossible for deadlock ever to occur. May lead to less efficient resource utilization in order to guarantee no deadlocks.
What are the three basic techniques to control deadlocks?
The three basic techniques to control deadlocks are:Deadlock preventation . A transaction requesting a new lock is aborted when there is the possibility that a deadlock can occur. Deadlock detection. The DBMS periodically tests the database for deadlocks. Deadlock avoidance.
Is the system in a safe state?
A system is in a safe state only if there exists a safe sequence of processes P1, P2, , Pn where: For each Pi, the resources that Pi can still request can be satisfied by the currently available resources plus the resources help by all Pj, j