Contents
What is the peaking factor?
The peaking factor (PF) is the ratio of the maximum flow to the average daily flow in a water system. The PF concept has been used in bo th the drinking water and wastewater industries for nearly 100 years.
How do you calculate peak factor in water supply?
Peak water use is typically expressed as a ratio, or peaking factor, dividing the peak water use by the average daily water use. These peaking factors are then used to calculate maximum month, maximum day and peak hour water use conditions.
What is Peak factor in sewer design?
Peaking factor is a term that describes a fictitious scenario where the inflow to a lift station is calculated as several times higher than the maximum possible sewage flow.
What is Peak factor in water supply?
The peak coefficient is obtained as the volume of the water required at the peak hour over the average, hourly flow demand volume [25]. Adopting a time scale equal to 1 h the analysis of the sampling data could provide a lower estimation of water demand.
How do you calculate peak hour factor?
The peak hour factor (PHF) is found by dividing the peak hour volume by four times the peak 10 minute volume. The actual (design) flow rate can be calculated by dividing the peak hour volume by the PHF, 743.6/0.85 = 879 PCU/hr, or by multiplying the peak 10 minute volume by six, 6 × 146.5 = 879 PCU/hr.
What is the value of peak factor?
The peak factor of any waveform is defined as the ratio of the peak value of the wave to the rms value of the wave. Peak factor = Vp/( Vrms) =Vp/(Vp/√2)=√2=1.414.
What is peak factor in water supply?
How do you find peak factor?
This is expressed by the equation C = XPEAK ÷ XRMS. For a pure sine wave (Figure), the peak is 1.0, and the rms value is 0.707. Thus, the crest factor of a pure sine wave is 1.414 (1.0 ÷ 0.707).
What is peak hour factor?
The Peak Hour Factor (PHF) compares the traffic volume during the busiest 15-minutes of the peak hour with the total volume during the peak hour. Lower PHF values indicate more variable traffic flows and that the traffic volume has a spike during the peak 15-minute interval.
Why peak hour factor is important?
The Peak Hour Factor (PHF) is used to convert the hourly traffic volume into the flow rate that represents the busiest 15 minutes of the rush hour. Past research indicated that PHF has a strong impact on traffic analysis results.
What is Peak Factor and form factor?
Definition: The ratio of the root mean square value to the average value of an alternating quantity (current or voltage) is called Form Factor. Therefore, to express the relationship between all these three quantities, the two factors are used, namely as Peak Factor and Form Factor.
How do you find the Peak Factor?
Which is the best definition of a peak factor?
Peak Factor. Definition: Peak Factor is defined as the ratio of maximum value to the R.M.S value of an alternating quantity. The alternating quantities can be voltage or current. The maximum value is the peak value or the crest value or the amplitude of the voltage or current.
What is the peaking factor in drinking water?
The peaking factor (PF) is the ratio of the maximum flow to the average daily flow in a water system The PF concept has been used in both the drinking water and wastewater industries for nearly 100 years.
What is the peak factor of an alternating wave?
Peak Factor is also known as Crest Factor or Amplitude Factor. It is the ratio between maximum value and RMS value of an alternating wave. The ratio between RMS value and Average value of an alternating quantity (Current or Voltage) is known as Form Factor.
How to calculate the peak hour volume factor?
The relationship between the peak 15-minute flow rate and the full hourly volume is given by the peak-hour factor (PHF) as shown in the following equation: If 15-minute periods are used, the PHF is computed as: Where V = peak-hour volume (vph) V15 = volume during the peak 15 minutes of flow (veh/15 minutes)