Contents
What is the role of NADH methemoglobin reductase?
The low level of methemoglobin usually detected in the blood is mostly due to the action of NADH-cytochrome b 5 reductase (EC 1.6. 2.2), commonly named NADH- methemoglobin reductase. This NADH-de- pendent enzyme reduces cytochrome b5 which, in turn, converts non-cnzymically methemoglobin into hemoglobin ( 12 • 17 .
What is methemoglobin reductase deficiency?
Methemoglobinemia due to NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, with resultant cyanosis and hypoxia (review by Percy and Lappin, 2008).
What is methemoglobin what is its significance?
pigment in which the heme-iron is in trivalent form (ferric-iron). This. pigment is therefore also called hemiglobin or hemoglobin III. Thus. methemoglobin is an oxidized hemoglobin, oxy-hemoglobin on the.
What is methemoglobin caused by?
Methemoglobinemia occurs when red blood cells (RBCs) contain methemoglobin at levels higher than 1%. This may be from congenital causes, increased synthesis, or decreased clearance. Increased levels may also result from exposure to toxins that acutely affect redox reactions, increasing methemoglobin levels.
What is the function of cytochrome b5 reductase?
Cytochrome b5 reductase is involved in the transfer of reducing equivalents from the physiological electron donor, NADH, via an FAD domain to the small molecules of cytochrome b5.
What medication converts methemoglobin back to hemoglobin?
The NADH-dependent enzyme methemoglobin reductase (a type of diaphorase) is responsible for converting methemoglobin back to hemoglobin.
Can methemoglobin bind oxygen?
Methemoglobin does not bind oxygen, thus effectively leading to a functional anemia. In addition, methemoglobin causes a leftward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, resulting in decreased release of oxygen to the tissues.
What is methemoglobin reductase pathway?
A transformation product of oxyhemoglobin resulting from the oxidation of the normal Fe2+ to Fe3+, a process that converts heme to hematin; because methemoglobin contains water in firm union with ferric iron, it is chemically different from oxyhemoglobin; found in sanguineous effusions and in the circulating blood …
What is the difference between hemoglobin and methemoglobin?
The only difference between hemoglobin and methemoglobin is that one or more of the four iron atoms in the methemoglobin molecule are in the ferric (Fe3+) rather than the ferrous (Fe2+) state and are therefore incapable of binding oxygen [3].
What can increase methemoglobin?
Exposure to exogenous oxidizing drugs and their metabolites (such as benzocaine, dapsone, and nitrates) may lead to an increase of up to a thousandfold of the methemoglobin formation rate, overwhelming the protective enzyme systems and acutely increasing methemoglobin levels.
Is cytochrome b5 an enzyme?
In its b5-reducing capacity, this enzyme is involved in desaturation and elongation of fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis, and drug metabolism. This enzyme can also reduce methemoglobin to normal hemoglobin, gaining it the inaccurate synonym methemoglobin reductase.
What is methemoglobinemia due to NADH deficiency?
Methemoglobinemia due to NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, with resultant cyanosis and hypoxia (review by Percy and Lappin, 2008 ).
How does NADPH-metHb reductase contribute to the reduction of methemoglobin?
Under normal physiologic circumstances, NADPH-MetHb reductase contributes very little to the reduction of methemoglobin, but under oxidative stress, the function of this alternative reduction pathway can be enhanced by the presence of exogenous electron donors, such as methylene blue.
Why do we use number sign for methemoglobinemia?
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because autosomal recessive methemoglobinemia due to deficiency of methemoglobin reductase is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CYB5R3 gene (613213) on chromosome 22q13.
What causes autosomal recessive methemoglobinemia due to deficiency of?
▼ TEXT. A number sign (#) is used with this entry because autosomal recessive methemoglobinemia due to deficiency of methemoglobin reductase is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CYB5R3 gene (613213) on chromosome 22q13.