What is EF-Tu and EF-TS?

Contents

1 What is EF-Tu and EF-TS?
- 1.1 What is the role of EF-Tu GTP during translation?
  - 1.1.1 What is a translation elongation factor?
2 What does elongation factor do?
- 2.1 What is the elongation process of translation?
  - 2.1.1 How do elongation factors work?
3 What is the function of eEF2?
- 3.1 What is the function of elongation factor Ts in elongation?
  - 3.1.1 How does the elongation factor Tu ( EF-Tu ) work?
4 What happens when EF-Tu is bound to GTP?

EF-Ts (elongation factor thermo stable) is one of the prokaryotic elongation factors. EF-Ts serves as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable), catalyzing the release of guanosine diphosphate from EF-Tu.

What is the role of EF-Tu GTP during translation?

Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) brings aminoacyl-transfer RNA (aa-tRNA) to the ribosome during the elongation phase of translation. EF-Tu•guanosine triphosphate (GTP) has high affinity for aa-tRNA, forming the ternary complex EFTu•GTP•aa-tRNA.

What is a translation elongation factor?

Elongation factors are a set of proteins that function at the ribosome, during protein synthesis, to facilitate translational elongation from the formation of the first to the last peptide bond of a growing polypeptide. Elongation is the most rapid step in translation.

Which elongation factor acts as a GTP exchange factor for EF-Tu?

EF-Ts
EF-Ts (elongation factor Ts) facilitates the exchange of EF-Tu-bound GDP for GTP. EF-Tu belongs to the group of the translational GTPases or G-Proteins, which also include EF-G and the initiation factor IF2 [6].

What does elongation factor Tu Do?

Elongation factor thermal unstable Tu (EF-Tu) is a G protein that catalyzes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome inside living cells. Structural and biochemical studies have described the complex interactions needed to effect canonical function.

What does elongation factor do?

Translation elongation factors perform critical functions in protein synthesis in all domains of life, including the delivery of aminoacyl-tRNAs into the ribosome, and the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the ribosomal A-site to the ribosomal P-site.

What is the elongation process of translation?

Elongation is the stage where the amino acid chain gets longer. In elongation, the mRNA is read one codon at a time, and the amino acid matching each codon is added to a growing protein chain. Elongation has three stages: 1) The anticodon of an incoming tRNA pairs with the mRNA codon exposed in the A site.

How do elongation factors work?

First, elongation factors are involved in bringing aminoacyl-transfer RNA to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Second, an elongation factor is involved in translocation, the step in elongation at which the peptidyl-tRNA is moved from one ribosomal site to another as the messenger RNA moves through the ribosome.

Does EF-Tu hydrolyze GTP?

After successful decoding, EF-Tu hydrolyzes GTP, which triggers a conformational change that ultimately results in the release of the tRNA from EF-Tu.

What is EF-Tu made of?

EF-Tu is suggested to consist of three domains: 1 (amino acids 1–200), 2 (amino acids 208–295), and 3 (amino acids 298–394) (36), all of them participating in ternary complex formation. The 3′-CCA-Phe, the 5′ end, and the T-stem of tRNA are shown to be involved in the interaction with EF-Tu in the complex (34).

What is the function of eEF2?

Molecular Mechanisms of Memory Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) is a GTP-binding protein that mediates the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site on the ribosome (Moldave, 1985).

What is the function of elongation factor Ts in elongation?

EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable) is a prokaryotic elongation factor responsible for catalyzing the binding of an aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the ribosome. It is a G-protein, and facilitates the selection and binding of an aa-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome.

How does the elongation factor Tu ( EF-Tu ) work?

When is the elongation factor Tu bound to GTP?

Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), when bound to GTP, brings aa-tRNA to the ribosome during the elongation phase of translation. When EF-Tu is bound to GTP, it has a high affinity for aa-tRNA and forms the ternary complex, EF–Tu–GTP-aa-tRNA. EF-Tu must recognize common features of all tRNAs and also recognize that the tRNA is aminoacylated.

How does EF-Tu affect the error frequency of translation?

In addition to antibiotic-resistant mutants, some mutants of EF-Tu alter the error frequency of translation. Another elongation factor, EF-Ts, is involved in a nucleotide exchange, whereby GDP on EF-Tu is replaced by GTP to regenerate active EF-Tu•GTP that can form a new ternary complex with aa-tRNA. EF-Ts is encoded by the tsf gene.